ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS: APPROACHES, METHODS, ASSESSMENTS

For the national, regional, and local analysis levels, assessments of actual anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems in Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are presented. Data were obtained using terrestrial, remote and statistical information technologies. The Island of Kolguev is chosen as a local level object, where the biogeography laboratory of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been conducting complex researches for about 25 years. It is shown that here in the XXI century multidirectional processes of vegetation dynamics occur. The processes are associated with climatogenic restructuring, intensive grazing at the beginning of the century and restoration of vegetation after the mass death of domestic deer. At the regional level, using remote sensing methods, multidimensional and multidirectional processes are identified — transformations and restoration of vegetation. For example, on the Kola Peninsula at the sites of destruction of the tree-shrub cover from technogenic pollution slow recovering of the cover occurs. The subjects of the Russian Arctic are noted where degradation processes dominate and where restoration processes predominate. At the subglobal (national) level, the scale of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems is assessed for the Russian Arctic and adjacent subarctic territories (about 300 thousand km2). It is comparable in area with the synergistic effect of climate warming and economic activity — the area of “greening” in Russian Arctic.

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