THE PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF THE FRESH-WATER AQUACULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA

The possibilities of economic use of fish resources of internal water bodies of the European North of Russia are considered. A variety of fishery water bodies of various type defines development of a modern fresh-water aquaculture in the following main directions: pasturable, industrial and recreational. At development of each of them, the intensification actions based on transition from simple forms of operation of water bodies to cultural ways of maintaining fishery are priority. It is established that in water bodies of the Arctic zone the optimum types of housekeeping is the following. Whitefish farming, giving chance to receive fish products of high nutrition value in case of development of lake and feeding (pasturable) cultivation, and also factory reproduction of juveniles. Pasturable cultivation provides use of different types of semi-checkpoints the whitefish of large river basins as aquaculture objects. It is directed to creation of fish-breeding farms in the estuary of the rivers with the desalinated mode. The lake whitefish farming provides increase in a productivity of lakes, improvement of a range of the grown-up fish and creation of highly effective lake commodity farms. Factory reproduction of juveniles the whitefish for ensuring requirements of all above-stated types the whitefish of farms aims at optimization of actions for reproduction of landing material. They shall include pituitary injections of producers and artificial feeding of juveniles at all stages of ontogenesis. All three directions shall supplement mutually each other and promote development of whitefish economy in North reservoirs. Cultivation of the ordinary fish constituting a basis of lake and river ichtyocoenosis. Provides forming of network of the spawning and nursery farms (SNF) based on inundated jellied reservoirs, and also creation of the managed farms of amateur fishery on small lakes (cultivation of juveniles of a pike and bream industrially and stocking of natural reservoirs by them). Industrial cultivation of fish is based on expansion of production base of the industrial fish breeding existing in the region and further enhancement of biotechnology of warm-water fish breeding on the fulfilled waters of industrial enterprises, including also cage cultivation of a trout in natural reservoirs. And, at last, forming of agrohydrobiocenoses allows in a complex, i.e. most optimum to use natural resources of reservoirs thanks to various forms of the polycultures used on small lakes. All considered ways of an intensification of a fresh-water aquaculture have real base for further development and will promote providing the population of the European North of Russia with fish high-quality products.

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