ACCUMULATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN PLANTS OF TUNDRA AFFECTED BY THERMAL POWER STATION IN THE VICINITIES OF VORKUTA

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH content was studied in organogenic horizons of surface gley soils, lichens and vascular plants from lower vegetation layer in the southern tundra. Soils and plants were sampled both from the control site and from the sites established at distances 0,5; 1,0 and 1,5 km from thermal power station. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to analyze surface pollution. In order to reach full PAH extraction from soils and plants, we used the system of fast extraction by solvents ASE-350 (Dionex Corporation, USA). The aim of our research was to investigate PAH accumulation in tundra communities impacted by coal combustion. The total PAH content in soil at the contaminated sites exceeded background values by 3-3,5 times. Changes in PAH content in soil with the distance peaked at the 1 km distance. High correlation was found between PAH content in soil organogenic horizons, lichens and plants. PAHs were mostly presented by low molecular structures. Mosses and lichens absorbed PAH from the surface. Vaccinium uliginosum showed lower PAH accumulation capacity. For all the species under study, we found decrease in PAH accumulation at the maximal total PAH content level. The highest bioaccumulation capacity was revealed for Pleurozium schreberi, the lowest — for Vaccinium uliginosum. PAH content in plants decreased with the distance from the power station. In Peltigera sp., the highest accumulation rate was found at distance 0,5 km, in Pleurozium schreberi and Vaccinium uliginosum — at distance 1 km from the power station. The total mass fraction of PAH in Peltigera sp. and Pleurozium schreberi at area affected by the power station was 2-3 and 3-5 times higher than the control values. In Vaccinium uliginosum, the excesses under the background values were up to 2 times. Pleurozium schreberi may be used as bioindicator due to its wide distribution area, high PAH accumulation capacity and high correlations with PAH changes in soil. PAH content in dead parts of Pleurozium schreberi slightly exceeded the living one. For Vaccinium uliginosum, the rate of PAH accumulation was higher in leaves than in stems and roots.

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