SOME RESULTS OF GREENHOUSE GASES MONITORING IN THE ARCTIC REGION OF RUSSIA

Problems of obtaining objective and reliable data on anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the Russian Arctic and their potential contribution to the overall greenhouse effect are discussed. Development of the technologies for modeling and forecasting the average “effective” fields of GHG concentrations and emission levels based on ground monitoring data proves to be promising direction.

The results of GHG measurements in 2015-2017 summertime from a high Arctic Belyy island (Russia) are presented. The atmospheric CO₂ concentration has increased by 3.1 ppm per year, which is 1.5 times higher than the mean annual global rate during last 10 years. However, the absolute CO₂ levels were significantly less than the global background, which exceeded 400 ppm in 2015. The content of the other GHGs has not changed. In summer tundra ecosystem was shown to remain a local net CH₄ source in comparison to marine ecosystem. The surface methane levels formed over the island were 0.04-0.07 ppm higher than those due to wind transport from the sea. Greatest effect was observed in the exceptionally hot summer of 2016, which was likely to cause the increased emission of carbon from permafrost.

To identify remote sources, the method of fluid-air locations was adapted, based on a joint analysis of backward trajectories and the results of GHG monitoring. The zone of influence of possible remote sources on the monitoring site was simulated. It covers a large area of the Arctic Circle and has a typical size of a few thousands kilometers. Constructed average “effective” field of methane concentrations indicated spatial distribution of potential sources. They are located in the regions of hydrocarbons production in the Russian Arctic. These preliminary results require verification on long-term GHG measurements.

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