SOURCES OF DATA FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE WHITE SEA FOR DEVELOPING THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC AREA

In the paper we discuss the problem of getting data for numerical modelling of the White sea. It completely belongs to Russia and is important due to a number of human activities including fisheries, mollusk farms, mining, tourism, maritime shipping. Also, the Northern Sea Route begins in the White Sea. Large projects demand complete understanding of variability of hydrophysical and biogeochemical processes in the sea, so it is important to reproduce the most important processes by numerical models. This is important not only for the White sea, but for the Arctic region in general. By data we mean hydrophysical (water temperature, salinity, density, ice and snow thickness, etc), hydrobiological (biomass of plankton, productivity, etc), biogeochemical (dissolved or suspended biogen or organic matter, detritus, etc) fields. Also meteorological and miscellaneous data (bathymetry, rivers) are necessary. Values of these and other fields can be obtained by three different ways. First, this is in situ measurements (from scientific vessels or by automatic devices); then, remote sensing, usually by satellites; finally, numerical models are able to evaluate the data. However, tuning and verification of models also demand in situ or satellite data. We survey the in situ data sources and collections, together with institutions that gather data and conditions of data availability. Also, an overview of satellite data sources is presented. Finally, we discuss simulation of the sea by numerical models and present our model JASMINE with BFM as a biogeochemical component, focusing on necessary initial, boundary, and forcing data.

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