THE CURRENT STATE AND DYNAMICS OF THE WATER ECONOMY IN THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE WHITE SEA BASIN

Based on the analysis of statistical information, the authors consider the water economy development in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have the greatest impact on the ecosystem of the White Sea — the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions — in conjunction with the socio-economic conditions for the development of the region.
The authors estimate the current scale and dynamics of total water consumption and its components (industrial, communal, agricultural and fishery) for the period 2010—2017. They outline that the main water consumer remains the industry, with a minimal development of agriculture, and note that the development of the region is taking place against the background of a constant decrease in the population (by 28% over the period under review), which also determines a decrease in the volume of water consumption, both total (by 10%) and, especially, household water (by 37%). In addition, there is a constant decrease in the volume of agricultural water consumption.
Surface water bodies are the main source of water resources. Groundwater accounts for only 8%. Seawater is also used to a small extent, and its share has dropped significantly in recent years. The provision of renewable water resources (river runoff) is high and exceeds the national average with a low utilization rate.
Currently, the water bodies of the region are under heavy pressure from various industries, as well as water transport and other water users. The volume of wastewater disposal and the degree of purification during the period under review remains practically stable. However, about 35% of the total volume of wastewater discharged annually is contaminated and insufficiently treated, which determines the threat of serious risks to the freshwater and marine ecosystems of the region.

1. Beloe more i vodosbor pod vliyaniem klimaticheskikh i antropogennykh vozdeistvii. [White Sea and its catchment under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic impacts]. Red. N. N. Filatov, A. Yu. Terzhevik. Petrozavodsk, 2007, 335 p. (In Russian).

2. Druzhinin P. V., Filatov N. N., Moroshkina M. V., Derusova O. V., Potasheva O. V. Modelirovanie i prostranstvennyi analiz ekologo-ekonomicheskogo sostoyaniya vodosbora Belogo morya. [Modeling and spatial analysis of ecological and economic condition of the White Sea reservoir]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “InterKarto. InterGIS”, 2018, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 297—309. (In Russian).

3. Menshutkin V. V., Filatov N. N., Druzhinin P. V. Sostoyanie i prognozirovanie sotsio-ekologo-ekonomicheskoi sistemy vodosbora Belogo morya s ispol’zovaniem kognitivnogo modelirovaniya. [Current state and recasting of the socio-ecological-economic system of the White Sea watershed with use of cognitive simulation]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2018, no. 2 (30), pp. 4—17. DOI: 10.25283/2223-4594-2018-2-4-17. (In Russian).

4. Filatov N. N., Druzhinin P. V., Menshutkin V. V. Beloe more i vodosbor: sostoyanie i izmeneniya sotsio-ekologo-ekonomicheskikh protsessov. [White Sea and its watershed: state and changes in socio-ecological and economic processes]. Tezisy dokladov Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii “Morya Rossii: fundamental’nye i prikladnye issledovaniya”. Sevastopol’, 2019, pp. 32—34. (In Russian).

5. Filatov N. N., Druzhinin P. V., Terzhevik A. Yu. Belomor’e — region dlya resheniya aktual’nykh problem Arktiki. [White Sea — a region for solving urgent problems of the Arctic]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2011, no. 2, pp. 91—101. (In Russian).

6. Filatov N. N., Karpechko V. A., Litvinenko A. V., Bogdanova M. S. Vodnyi transport i energetika severa evropeiskoi chasti Rossii (obzor). [Water transport and energy of the North of the European part of Russia (overview)]. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika, 2017, no. 1 (25), pp. 75—85. (In Russian).

7. Filatov N. N., Litvinenko A. V., Bogdanova M. S. Vodnye resursy Severnogo ekonomicheskogo raiona Rossii: sostoyanie i ispol’zovanie. [Water resources of the Northern economic region of Russia: condition and use]. Vod. resursy, 2016, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1—12. (In Russian).

8. Gosudarstvennyi doklad “O sostoyanii i ispol’zovanii vodnykh resursov Rossiiskii Federatsii v 2017 godu”. [State report “About the Russian Federation water resources state and use in 2017”]. Moscow, NIA-Priroda, 2018, 298 p. (In Russian).

9. Gosudarstvennyi doklad “O sostoyanii i ispol’zovanii vodnykh resursov Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2018 godu”. [State report “About the Russian Federation water resources state and use in 2018”]. Moscow, NIA-Priroda, 2019, 290 p. (In Russian).

10. Gosudarstvennyi doklad o sostoyanii okruzhayushchei sredy v Respublike Kareliya v 2017 godu. [State report on the environment state of the Republic of Karelia in 2017]. Petrozavodsk, 2018, 292 p. (In Russian).

11. Doklad o sostoyanii i ob okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy Murmanskoi oblasti v 2017 godu. [Report on the environment state and protection of the Murmansk region in 2017]. Murmansk, 2018, 165 p. (In Russian).

12. Sostoyanie i okhrana okruzhayushchei sredy Arkhangel’skoi oblasti za 2017 god. [Environmental condition and its protection in Archangel region in 2017]. Doklad. Arkhangel’sk, 2018, 470 p. (In Russian).

13. Litvinenko A. V., Litvinova I. A., Filatov N. N., Bogdanova I. A. Vodokhozyaistvennaya situatsiya v Respublike Kareliya: sovremennoe sostoyanie i dinamika. [Water Management in the Republic of Karelia: the Current State and Dynamics]. Vod. khoz-vo Rossii: problemy, tekhnologii, upravlenie, 2019, no. 2, pp. 31—47. (In Russian).

14. Lazhentsev V. N. Prirodno-resursnaya ekonomika i territorial’naya organizatsiya khozyaistva Arktiki i Severa Rossii. [Natural resource economy and territorial organization of the economy of the Arctic and North of Russia]. Kontury glob. transformatsii: politika, ekonomika, parvo, 2019, vol.. 12, no. 5, pp. 53—68. DOI: 10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-5-53-68. (In Russian).

15. Lazhentsev V. N. The Russian North: economic and geographic aspects of development]. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 2018, vol. 29, no. 5, ðð. 481—489. DOI: 10.1134/S107570071805009X.

16. Filatov N. N., Terzhevik A. Yu., Litvinenko A. V. et al. Issledovanie Belogo morya i ego vodosbora kak sotsio-ekologo-ekonomicheskoi sistemy. [Study of the White Sea and its catchment area as a socio-ecological-economic system]. Vodnye resursy Evropeiskogo Severa Rossii: itogi i perspektivy issledovanii. Petrozavodsk, 2006, pp. 436—462. (In Russian).

17. Arkhangel’skaya oblast’ (pasport). [Arkhangelsk region (passport)]. Available at: https://www.mid.ru/da/vnesneekonomiceskie-svazi-sub-ektov-rossijskoj-federacii/-/asset_publisher/ykggrK2nCl8c/content/id/128854. (In Russian).

18. Pasport Respubliki Kareliya. [Passport of the Republic of Karelia]. Available at: http://kareliainvest.ru/investitsionnyy-klimat-regiona/Pasport%20Respublika%20Kareliya_%20Yanvar’%202020.pdf. (In Russian).

19. Murmanskaya oblast’ v tsifrakh. [Murmansk region in figures]. Feder. sluzhba gos. statistiki. Territor. organ Feder. sluzhby gos. statistiki po Murman. obl. Murmansk, 2019, 138 p. (In Russian).

20. Valovoi regional’nyi produkt na dushu naseleniya v Murmanskoi oblasti vozros na 9,7%. [The gross regional product per capita in the Murmansk region increased by 9.7%]. Available at: https://nord-news.ru/economics/2020/04/04/?newsid=120265. (In Russian).

21. Spisok sub”ektov Rossiiskoi Federatsii po valovomu produktu. [List of subjects of the Russian Federation by gross product]. Available at: https://fishki.net/3149923-spisok-subektov-rossijskoj-federacii-po-valovomu-produktu.html. (In Russian).

22. Druzhinin P. V., Moroshkina M. V. Otsenka effektivnosti razvitiya regionov Evropeiskogo Severa na osnove proizvodstvennykh funktsii. [Assessment of the development efficiency of the European North Regions based on production functions]. Druker. vestn, 2019, no. 5 (31), pp. 218—231. (In Russian).

23. Naselenie regionov Rossii 2020: chislennost’, krupnye regiony Rossii i fed. okruga spisok. [Population of Russian regions 2020]. Available at: http://www.statdata.ru/largest_regions_russia. (In Russian).

24. Vodnye resursy Respubliki Kareliya i puti ikh ispol’zovaniya dlya pit’evogovodosnabzheniya: Opyt karel’sko-finlyandskogo sotrudnichestva. [Water resources of Repablic of Karelia and their use for drinking water supply]. Red. N. Filatov, A. Litvinenko, A. Syarkioya i dr. Petrozavodsk, Karel. nauch. tsentr RAN, 2006, 264 p. (In Russian).

25. Vodnye resursy Rossii i ikh ispol’zovanie. [Water resources of Russia and their use]. Pod red. prof. I. A. Shiklomanova. St. Petersburg, Gos. gidrol. in-t, 2008, 600 p. (In Russian).

26. Shiklomanov I. A., Babkin V. I., Balonishnikova Zh. A. Vodnye resursy, ikh ispol’zovanie i vodoobespechennost’ v Rossii: sovremennye i perspektivnye otsenki. [Water resources, their use and water availability in Russia: current and future assessments]. Vod. resursy, 2011, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 131—141. (In Russian).

27. Kachestvo morskikh vod po gidrokhimicheskim pokazatelyam: Ezhegodnik 2015. [Marine Water Pollution. Annual Report 2015]. Pod red. A. N. Korshenko. Moscow, Nauka, 2016, 184 p. (In Russian).