REINDEER HERDING AS A KEY BRANCH OF THE TRADITIONAL ECONOMY AND LIFEWAY OF THE ARCTIC INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

The article examines the problems of reindeer herding development in market conditions. The author reveals the importance of reindeer herding for the livelihoods of the indigenous peoples of the North, and also confirms the reindeer herding economic, social and ethical significance as the key national industry, where mainly the indigenous population is employed. The author has carried out a retrospective analysis of the state of domestic reindeer herding within the macro-regions and regions (sub-regions) of the country, and individual municipal districts. It shows the reasons influencing the dynamics of growth of public and private livestock in the Soviet (industrial and transport development) and post-Soviet (establishment of market relations, privatization, etc.) periods by the example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. The study outlines the role of financial support from federal and regional authorities as a factor in maintaining the industry in market conditions, and the dependence of its development scale on the provision of pastures and labor resources.

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