ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ZONE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS AREA

JOURNAL: Volume 14, No. 3, 2024, p. 370-383

HEADING: Ecology

AUTHORS: Gurlev, I.V., Makosko, A.A., Malygin, I.G.

ORGANIZATIONS: A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems of the Russian academy of sciences

DOI: 10.25283/2223-4594-2024-3-370-383

UDC: 504.05

The article was received on: 11.04.2024

Keywords: degradation of pastures, oil spill, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, oil and gas production, unauthorized landfills, state of the region ecology, the impact of transport infrastructure on soil waterlogging, changes in the traditional way of life among Nenets reindeer herders

Bibliographic description: Gurlev, I.V., Makosko, A.A., Malygin, I.G. Ecological problems of the Russian Arctic Zone on the example of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika. [Arctic: Ecology and Economy], 2024, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 370-383. DOI: 10.25283/2223-4594-2024-3-370-383. (In Russian).

Abstract:

The authors analyze the ecological state of three environments (media) of the Russian Arctic zone on the example of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area: soil, water and atmosphere. The the Autonomous Area economy is based on the oil and gas production, which has an increasing negative impact on the region ecology. Environmental pollution due to accidents and fires on oil pipelines, the formation of unauthorized landfills near settlements, contamination of rivers and reservoirs, air pollution, year–round navigation in the Gulf of Ob contribute to the overall change in the region microclimate, which leads to degradation of pastures, changes in deer migration routes and disruption of the traditional way of life of the indigenous population — Nenets-reindeer herders.
In order to restore pastures and preserve the traditional way of life of reindeer herders, the authors propose building roads and railways on stilts or isolating reindeer herds from transport infrastructure with the help of eco-bridges so that it does not become an obstacle to seasonal migration of reindeer along traditional routes.

Finance info: he work was carried out in accordance with state assignments of the Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of RAS and was supported by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority-2030” (strategic project no. 5 of the Russian University of Transport).

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DOI 10.25283/2223-4594