AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE NORTH AND THE ARCTIC: HISTORICAL ASPECT, DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

The article considers the possibilities and limitations of the development of agriculture in regions with extreme natural conditions, which determine a special approach to the formation of a sectoral structure and the development of agrarian policy. The author analyses the development of the industry in the planned and post-Soviet periods. He outlines the positive impact of modernization processes in the period before the liberal market reforms on the development of the agricultural sector and food self-sufficiency. The study assesses the current state of the agrarian sector, and determines the reasons for the degradation of the material and technical base, the reduction of the agricultural potential, and the decrease in the coefficient of self-sufficiency in food products. Based on the socio-economic importance of agriculture in the zone of the North and the Arctic, the author justifies differentiated directions for strengthening the local food base and increasing the current level of food self-sufficiency. The priority measures include the acceleration of innovative modernization, the formation of a diversified economy, and the improvement of economic relations. The author advises to use the study results in programming the development of the agrarian economy of the Arctic zone of Russia and its northern regions.

1. Fauzer V. V., Smirnov A. V., Lytkina T. S., Fauzer G. N. Russian and World Arctic: population, economy, settlement. Otv. red. prof. V. V. Fauzer. Moscow, Polit. entsiklopediya, 2022. 215 p. (In Russian).
2. Pilyasov A. Problems of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Arctic zone, or How are Arctic entrepreneurs similar to polar bears? Moscow, KRASAND, 2020. 400 p. (In Russian).
3. Buist Y. Connect, Prioritise and Promote: A Comparative Research into the Development of Care Farming in Different Countries from the Transition Perspective. Wageningen University and Research Center. [S. l.], 2016. Available at: https://farmingforhealth.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/report-development-of-care-farming-yvettebuist.pdf.
4. Supporting Policies for Social Europe: Progressing Multifunctionality in Responsive Rural Areas. Arsia; Di Iacovo F., O’Connor D. (eds.). Available at: http://www.umb.no/statisk/greencare/sofarbookpartl.pdf.
5. Lee J., Arnason A., Nightingale A., Shucksmith M. Networking: Social Capital and identities in European Rural Development. Sociologia Ruralis, 2005, 45 (4), pp. 269—283.
6. Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Social Farming: Green Care and Social and Health Policies. European Economic and Social Committee. Brussels, 2012. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012IE1236&from=IT.
7. Song Soo Lim. Social Fanning as a New Opportunity for Agriculture in Korea. Available at: https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1179.
8. Maltseva I. S. Social agriculture as a tool for rural development. Nikonovskie chteniya-2019: Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Moscow, VIAPI im. Nikonova, 2019, pp. 259—261. (In Russian).
9. Gassiy V. V., Potravnaya E. V. Prospects for the development of local food production under industrial development in the Arctic zone in Regional agricultural Systems: Economics and Sociology. Region. agrosistemy: ekonomika i sotsiologiya, 2018, no. 4. Available at: http://www.iogpran_ruljournal.php?id=198. (In Russian).
10. Denisov V. I., Chernogradskii V. N., Potravny I. M., Ivanova P. Yu. Directions of balanced socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia (on the example of Yakutia). Problemy prognozirovaniya, 2020, no. 4, pp. 66—73. (In Russian).
11. Smirnova V. V. The impact of state support on the development of agriculture and rural areas of the European North of Russia. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika. [Arctic: Ecology and Economy], 2021, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 135—145. (In Russian).
12. Trend in Alaska`s People and Economy. Anchorage, 2011.
13. Multiculturalism and the Canadian Constitution. Ed. by. S. Tierney. Vancouver; Totonto, UBC Press, 2007.
14. Ivanov V. A. Features of ensuring food security of the population of the North and the Arctic of Russia. Arktika: ekologiya i ekonomika. [Arctic: Ecology and Economy], 2021, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 596—606. (In Russian).
15. Kauppala P. The historical role of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the development of the European North. Gorizonty ekonomicheskogo i kul’turnogo razvitiya: materialy plenarnogo zasedaniya Vtorogo Severnogo social’no-ekologicheskogo kongressa. Otv. red. V. A. Chereshnev. Moscow, Nauka, 2007, pp. 246—254. (In Russian).
16. Terent’ev V. V. Personnel support for the modernization of agriculture in the northern and Arctic territories (on the example of the Komi Republic). Ekonomicheskie i social’nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz, 2013, no. 4 (28), pp. 151—165. (In Russian).
17. Kotelina N. S., Archegova I. B., Ivanov V. A. Feed production in the conditions of the Far North. Vestn. s.-kh. nauki, 1985, no. 7, pp. 37—44. (In Russian).
18. Altukhov A. I., Drokin V. V., Zhuravlev A. S. From the strategy of ensuring food independence to the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of the agro-food complex. Ekonomika regiona, 2016, vol. 16, iss. 3, pp. 852—864. (In Russian).
19. Agriculture and food sector in Finland 2018. Natural Resources statute. Finland. Helsinki, 2018, 100 p.