THE WORLD’S ARCTIC: NATURAL RESOURCES, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, ECONOMICS

The article reviews the World Arctic and its constituent parts: Russian, North American and West European. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of population settlement and the development of the economy of Arctic administrative-territorial entities. The purpose of the article is to present the World Arctic from different angles — the availability of the richest resources of raw materials, the specificity of population settlement and the formation of a network of urban settlements, the link between the created gross regional product — with the population and the area of Arctic subjects. The main natural-geographical characteristics, issues of population settlement, features of origin and development of Arctic cities are considered. Special attention is paid to the Arctic economy, differentiation of countries and individual territories by population density and gross regional product per capita.

It is concluded that in the ХХI century the World Arctic is confidently turning from the northern periphery into a zone of close attention of all economically developed countries. It is shown that half of the population of the World Arctic lives in Russia, where the settlement systems, characteristic for both Western Europe and North America, are combined. Russia occupies the first place in terms of gross regional product in the world’s Arctic, but at the same time is the last in terms of gross regional product per capita. And within the Russian Arctic there is a significant polarization between the two oil and gas regions (Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts) and all other subjects of the Arctic zone, which are inferior to the leaders by an order of magnitude. This shows that the Russian economy is not efficient enough and labor productivity in the Russian Arctic is low, which is connected with irrational population settlement.

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