ISSUES RELATED TO RAISING THE SPEEDS OF HEAVY-TONNAGE CARGO VESSELS DURING YEAR-ROUND ARCTIC OPERATIONS

Today’s focus on commercial Arctic development and re-orientation of freight traffic for year-round shipping of cargoes from Arctic regions not only to traditional Europe and US destinations, but now more importantly to the Pacific Rim countries like China, Korea and Japan, has encouraged development of advanced ice-going vessels. With these purposes in mind a superpower icebreaker and heavy-tonnage merchant vessels of high ice classes are designed and built. The Russian government is setting targets and priorities to ensure that the Arctic resources are exported exclusively by ships flying Russian flags, even if built abroad. However, the new vessels are developed based on the expertise and standards elaborated for the previous generation of ice-class ships of much smaller size and relatively slow speeds in ice-infested waters. Commercial development of Arctic implies that Arctic cargo shipments should be commercially competitive with the shipping routes around Eurasia via southern seas. Economic evaluations led to formulation of specific requirements regarding Arctic shipping. It was found that sailing speeds have to reach 12-14 knots, including waters covered with up to 2-meter thick ice. This paper addresses technical aspects and issues related to bringing year-round Arctic cargo shipments to speed, including the eastern seas of the Arctic Ocean known for severe ice condition.

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