HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY FORMATION

The author proposes his own method for calculating the human development index at the municipal level, which allows taking into account the age structure of the deceased, the expected duration of education and the purchasing power of money, based on municipal statistics. The territories of the Arctic zone of Russia are differentiated by life expectancy, level of education, incomes of the population and the general human development index. The key problems of human development in the Arctic are identified: spatial unevenness, low life expectancy and the educational level of the population in rural areas and areas inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North, low incomes in the western part of the Arctic. Spatial analysis shows that at least 85% of the scientific and educational potential of the Russian Arctic is concentrated in three cities in the European part: Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Apatity. At the same time, the highest level of human development is typical for the Western Siberia areas that lack the development in the scientific and innovation spheres. This discrepancy determines the need for a differentiated socio-economic policy. In the western part of the Arctic it is possible to develop a knowledge economy based on the European model. In the territories of the eastern part with a high level of human development, separate areas of the knowledge economy should be formed, while increasing interaction with highly developed regions, an active exchange of knowledge, practices and innovations. The content analysis of the strategic documents of the Arctic regions makes it possible to identify priority areas for their innovative development. Finally, when managing territories with a low level of human development, it is necessary to focus on solving acute social problems: high mortality, low level of education and quality of life.

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